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      <h1 class="post-title">[linux]Linux日志管理工具logrotate</h1>

      <div class="post-meta">
        <span class="post-time"> 2022-03-18 </span>
        <div class="post-category">
            <a href="/categories/linux/"> linux </a>
            </div>
          <span class="more-meta"> 约 1763 字 </span>
          <span class="more-meta"> 预计阅读 4 分钟 </span>
        
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    <div class="post-toc" id="post-toc">
  <h2 class="post-toc-title">文章目录</h2>
  <div class="post-toc-content always-active">
    <nav id="TableOfContents">
  <ul>
    <li><a href="#linux日志管理工具logrotate">Linux日志管理工具logrotate</a>
      <ul>
        <li><a href="#一介绍">一、介绍</a></li>
        <li><a href="#二安装logrotate">二、安装logrotate</a></li>
        <li><a href="#三配置logrotate">三、配置logrotate</a>
          <ul>
            <li><a href="#1logrotate的配置">1.logrotate的配置</a></li>
            <li><a href="#2logrotate本身的日志">2.logrotate本身的日志</a></li>
            <li><a href="#3日志文件的配置">3.日志文件的配置</a></li>
            <li><a href="#4示例">4.示例</a></li>
          </ul>
        </li>
      </ul>
    </li>
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    <div class="post-content">
      <h1 id="linux日志管理工具logrotate">Linux日志管理工具logrotate</h1>
<blockquote>
<p>logrotate是linux系统上的一个日志管理工具，可以对日志文件自动切割或截断。</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="一介绍">一、介绍</h2>
<p>​	linux日志文件记录了应用程序各种报错信息及debug信息，在排障过程中或者系统性能分析时经常被用到。对于高访问的服务器，日志文件大小会增长极快，会造成日志膨胀问题。除此之外，处理一个单个的庞大日志文件也常常是件十分棘手的事。</p>
<p>​	logrotate是个十分强大的日志管理工具，它可以自动对日志进行截断、切割、压缩以及删除旧的日志文件。例如，你可以设置logrotate，让/var/log/app_run.log日志文件每30天轮循，并删除超过6个月的日志。配置完后，logrotate的运作完全自动化，不必进行任何进一步的人为干预。</p>
<h2 id="二安装logrotate">二、安装logrotate</h2>
<p>主流Linux发行版上都默认安装有logrotate包 ，检查是否安装</p>
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<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell"><span class="o">[</span>root@node1 /etc/logrotate.d<span class="o">]</span><span class="c1"># logrotate --version</span>
logrotate 3.8.6
</code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><p>如果系统未默认安装,则进行安装操作</p>
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<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">yum -y install logrotate 
</code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><h2 id="三配置logrotate">三、配置logrotate</h2>
<h3 id="1logrotate的配置">1.logrotate的配置</h3>
<p>logrotate的配置文件是/etc/logrotate.conf ，通常不需要对它进行修改。</p>
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<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell"><span class="o">[</span>root@node1 /etc/logrotate.d<span class="o">]</span><span class="c1"># cat /etc/logrotate.conf</span>
<span class="c1"># see &#34;man logrotate&#34; for details</span>
<span class="c1"># rotate log files weekly</span>
weekly
<span class="c1"># keep 4 weeks worth of backlogs</span>
rotate <span class="m">8</span>

<span class="c1"># create new (empty) log files after rotating old ones</span>
create

<span class="c1"># use date as a suffix of the rotated file</span>
dateext

<span class="c1"># uncomment this if you want your log files compressed</span>
compress

<span class="c1"># RPM packages drop log rotation information into this directory</span>
include /etc/logrotate.d

<span class="c1"># no packages own wtmp and btmp -- we&#39;ll rotate them here</span>
/var/log/wtmp <span class="o">{</span>
    monthly
    create <span class="m">0664</span> root utmp
        minsize 1M
    rotate <span class="m">1</span>
<span class="o">}</span>

/var/log/btmp <span class="o">{</span>
    missingok
    monthly
    create <span class="m">0600</span> root utmp
    rotate <span class="m">1</span>
<span class="o">}</span>

<span class="c1"># system-specific logs may be also be configured here.</span>
</code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><h3 id="2logrotate本身的日志">2.logrotate本身的日志</h3>
<p>logrotate自身的日志存放于/var/lib/logrotate/status目录</p>
<h3 id="3日志文件的配置">3.日志文件的配置</h3>
<p>日志文件的轮循设置在独立的配置文件中，它（们）放在/etc/logrotate.d/目录下。</p>
<h4 id="1-通用模板">1) 通用模板</h4>
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<td class="lntd">
<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">vim /etc/logrotate.d/run.logrotate 

<span class="o">[</span>内容<span class="o">]</span>
/var/log/run.log  <span class="o">{</span>
	<span class="nv">size</span><span class="o">=</span>50M
	minsize 20M
    monthly
    rotate <span class="m">5</span>
    compress
    delaycompress
    missingok
    notifempty
    create <span class="m">644</span> root root
    postrotate
        /usr/bin/killall -HUP rsyslogd
    endscript
    dateext
<span class="o">}</span>
</code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><h4 id="2-参数说明">2) 参数说明</h4>
<ul>
<li><strong>size</strong>: 日志文件大小可以增长到50MB</li>
<li><strong>minsize</strong>: 日志最小切割大小</li>
<li><strong>monthly</strong>: 日志文件将按月轮循。其它可用值为‘daily’，‘weekly’或者‘yearly’。</li>
<li><strong>rotate 5</strong>: 一次将存储5个归档日志。对于第六个归档，时间最久的归档将被删除。</li>
<li><strong>compress</strong>: 在轮循任务完成后，已轮循的归档将使用gzip进行压缩。</li>
<li><strong>delaycompress</strong>: 总是与compress选项一起用，delaycompress选项指示logrotate不要将最近的归档压缩，压缩将在下一次轮循周期进行。这在你或任何软件仍然需要读取最新归档时很有用。</li>
<li><strong>missingok</strong>: 在日志轮循期间，任何错误将被忽略，例如“文件无法找到”之类的错误。</li>
<li><strong>notifempty</strong>: 如果日志文件为空，轮循不会进行。</li>
<li><strong>create 644 root root</strong>: 以指定的权限创建全新的日志文件，同时logrotate也会重命名原始日志文件。</li>
<li><strong>postrotate/endscript</strong>: 在所有其它指令完成后，postrotate和endscript里面指定的命令将被执行。在这种情况下，rsyslogd 进程将立即再次读取其配置并继续运行。</li>
<li><strong>dateext</strong>: 让旧日志文件以创建日期命名</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="3-logrotate命令">3) logrotate命令</h4>
<ul>
<li>
<p>语法</p>
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<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">logrotate <span class="o">[</span>-?dfv<span class="o">][</span>-s &lt;状态文件&gt;<span class="o">][</span>--usage<span class="o">][</span>配置文件<span class="o">]</span>

参数说明：

-?或--help 　在线帮助。
-d或--debug 　详细显示指令执行过程，便于排错或了解程序执行的情况。
-f或--force 　强行启动记录文件维护操作，纵使logrotate指令认为没有需要亦然。
-s&lt;状态文件&gt;或--state<span class="o">=</span>&lt;状态文件&gt; 　使用指定的状态文件。
-v或--version 　显示指令执行过程。
-usage 　显示指令基本用法。
</code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div></li>
<li>
<p>手动调用为/etc/lograte.d/下配置的所有日志</p>
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<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">logrotate /etc/logrotate.conf
</code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div></li>
<li>
<p>手动调用某个特定的配置</p>
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<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">logrotate /etc/logrotate.d/run.logrotate
</code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div></li>
<li>
<p>预演方式运行logrotate</p>
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<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">logrotate -d /etc/logrotate.d/run.logrotate

<span class="c1">#排障过程中的最佳选择是使用‘-d’选项以预演方式运行logrotate。要进行验证，不用实际轮循任何日志文件，可以模拟演练日志轮循并显示其输出。</span>
</code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div></li>
<li>
<p>强制轮询日志</p>
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<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">logrotate -vf /etc/logrotate.d/run.logrotate
<span class="c1">#-f’选项来强制logrotate轮循日志文件，‘-v’参数提供了详细的输出</span>
</code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div></li>
</ul>
<h3 id="4示例">4.示例</h3>
<h4 id="1-创建日志文件">1) 创建日志文件</h4>
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<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell"><span class="c1">#创建日志文件</span>
touch /var/log/test-logrotate.log
<span class="c1">#填入一个10MB的随机比特流数据</span>
head -c 10M &lt; /dev/urandom &gt; /var/log/test-logrotate.log
</code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><h4 id="2-创建配置文件">2) 创建配置文件</h4>
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<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">vim /etc/logrotate.d/test-logrotate.logrotate
<span class="o">[</span>内容<span class="o">]</span>
/var/log/test-logrotate*.log <span class="o">{</span>
    daily
    rotate <span class="m">5</span>
    copytruncate
    dateext
    compress
    missingok
<span class="o">}</span>
</code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><h4 id="3-使用命令强制轮询">3) 使用命令强制轮询</h4>
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<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">logrotate -vf /etc/logrotate.d/test-logrotate.logrotate
</code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><h4 id="4-查看生成的文件">4) 查看生成的文件</h4>
<div class="highlight"><div class="chroma">
<table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd">
<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1
</span><span class="lnt">2
</span><span class="lnt">3
</span></code></pre></td>
<td class="lntd">
<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell"><span class="o">[</span>root@node1 /var/log<span class="o">]</span><span class="c1"># ll test-logrotate*</span>
-rw-r--r-- <span class="m">1</span> root root        <span class="m">0</span> 3月  <span class="m">18</span> 16:30 test-logrotate.log
-rw-r--r-- <span class="m">1</span> root root <span class="m">10487378</span> 3月  <span class="m">18</span> 16:29 test-logrotate.log-20220318.gz
</code></pre></td></tr></table>
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